{"id":8923,"date":"2020-10-28T06:35:10","date_gmt":"2020-10-28T06:35:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.italianoconulgen.com\/?p=8923"},"modified":"2020-10-29T18:57:22","modified_gmt":"2020-10-29T18:57:22","slug":"grande-maestro-aristotele","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.italianoconulgen.com\/index.php\/2020\/10\/28\/grande-maestro-aristotele\/","title":{"rendered":"Grande maestro Aristotele"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck hoca Aristoteles!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Aristotele
(a.C. 385-322<\/em>)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Haziran ay\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131m La ragazza desolata<\/em> ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131mda, \u0131ss\u0131z k\u0131z<\/em> modunda s\u0131rt \u00e7antamla Assos’a ka\u00e7\u0131\u015flar\u0131m\u0131n, Aristo’nun \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve una scuola di filosofia <\/em><\/strong>(bir felsefe okulu) kurup hocal\u0131k yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu antik liman kentine fena halde dadan\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Okul bitince bir s\u00fcre \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131p oraya yerle\u015ferek kitap yazma c\u00fcretimin, g\u00fcnah ke\u00e7isi olarak tabiat bilgini Aristo’yu g\u00f6sterip, onun her tohumun i\u00e7inde, o tohumdan bir ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak kuvvet sakl\u0131d\u0131r<\/em> s\u00f6z\u00fcnden ilham ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 ima etmi\u015ftim. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yani Athena Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131’ndan u\u00e7suz bucaks\u0131z denizin ve g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcn mavisine dal\u0131p Aristo Hocam\u0131n b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 havay\u0131 i\u00e7ime \u00e7ekerken hayat felsefemde bir titre\u015fim olmu\u015f. Sonra titre\u015fimi devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak<\/em> d\u00fc\u011fmeme bas\u0131ld\u0131 o ayr\u0131 konu! <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Aristo Hocam<\/em> derken, sak\u0131n Socrates, Platon, Aristoteles \u00fc\u00e7lemesinin devam\u0131y\u0131m sanmay\u0131n \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlar avanti Cristo<\/em><\/strong> (milattan \u00f6nce) ya\u015fad\u0131, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil yani! \u015eaka bir yana, Aristo ile ayn\u0131 havay\u0131 solumu\u015f olmak bile \u015feref benim i\u00e7in. Ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131k konu, yaz\u0131lmad\u0131k kitap b\u0131rakmayan Aristo’nun babas\u0131 da B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender’in dedesi Makedonya Kral\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel doktoru!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aristo, Platon \u00f6ld\u00fckten sonra Akademi ile uzla\u015famay\u0131p bir s\u00fcre Atina’dan ka\u00e7\u0131yor. \u0130\u015fte bu k\u0131sa d\u00f6nem (M.\u00d6. 347-344) Assos’ta ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve botanikle ilgilendi\u011fi y\u0131llar! Hatta bir \u00fcniversitenin yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir makalede okuyup \u015fa\u015f\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m, bu \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde evlenip \u00e7ocuk sahibi olmu\u015f ve lo stato ideale<\/strong><\/em> (ideal devlet) anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00fczerine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc eseri Politika\u2019<\/em>n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yermi\u015f buras\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Assos’tan ayr\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n sebebi ise \u0130skender’e hocal\u0131k yapmak \u00fczere Makedonya Kral\u0131ndan gelen davet!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aristo bir haftad\u0131r yine g\u00fcndemimde benim. Bu sene Amerika’da \u00fcniversiteye ba\u015flayan ama \u015fu anda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 evinden online y\u00fcr\u00fcten \u00f6\u011frencime bir \u00f6devinde yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldum. \u00d6devin konusu, bir veya iki metin \u00fczerinden analisi retorica <\/em><\/strong>(retorik analiz) yapmak ve \u00f6zellikle Aristo’nun retorik \u00fc\u00e7genindeki ikna etme y\u00f6ntemleri ethos, pathos <\/em>ve logos <\/em>\u00fczerinden y\u00fcr\u00fcmek!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ethos<\/em> k\u0131saca konu\u015fmac\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcr\u00fcst, g\u00fcvenilir, iyi niyetli, ahlakl\u0131 ve otoriter bir ki\u015fi oldu\u011funu belli ederek dinleyicinin duyduklar\u0131na inanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve ikna olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir y\u00f6ntemdir. Pathos <\/em>duygulara ve logos<\/em> da mant\u0131\u011fa hitap etmek, anlat\u0131lanlar \u00fczerinden dinleyiciyi arzu edilen \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlar\u0131 yapmaya davet etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Tutti e tre metodi <\/em><\/strong>(\u00fc\u00e7 y\u00f6ntem de) dinleyiciyi etkilemede son derece etkilidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As\u0131l etkileyici olan ise Aristo’nun sanatsal kan\u0131tlar<\/em> olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu retorik y\u00f6ntemlerin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde politikadan reklamlara, akademik \u00e7evrelerden i\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131na, gittik\u00e7e yayg\u0131nla\u015farak kullan\u0131lmaya devam ediyor olmas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Liseli \u00f6\u011frencilerime en az on y\u0131ld\u0131r \u00f6\u011fretiliyor, yarat\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6devler veriliyor bu kavramlar \u00fczerine. Ama bizim haylazlar, bu \u00fc\u00e7lemeye bir de cheetos<\/em> ekleyip hocalar\u0131n\u0131n verdi\u011fi \u00f6devlere \u00e7erez muamelesi yap\u0131yor bazen. Ama ben masaya bir k\u00e2se cheetos koyup hoca camide<\/em> diyen ekol\u00fcn hocalar\u0131 gibi sert ve \u0131srarc\u0131 bir tutumla cheetos masada<\/em> diye yakalar\u0131na yap\u0131\u015f\u0131p \u00f6\u011fretiyorum. Ve hatta h\u0131z\u0131m\u0131 alamay\u0131p T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’ye dal <\/strong><\/em>francese<\/em><\/strong> (Frans\u0131zca’dan) ge\u00e7en lise<\/em> s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn Aristo’nun kurdu\u011fu Lykeion ad\u0131ndaki okulundan geldi\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorum. Aristo’nun \u00f6\u011frencisi hoca burada!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comunque<\/strong><\/em> (neyse), bu \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00f6ntem en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6rneklerle politik konu\u015fmalarda g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in biz reklam analizine falan girmeden, Obama ve W. Bush’un se\u00e7imleri kazand\u0131ktan sonra yapt\u0131klar\u0131 zafer konu\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 inceledik. Baba H. W. Bush’tan itibaren ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n pinpon topu gibi bir Cumhuriyet\u00e7ilere bir Demokratlara ge\u00e7ti\u011fini s\u00f6yleyerek ba\u015flad\u0131k. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obama’n\u0131n oratorio <\/em><\/strong>(hitabet) g\u00fcc\u00fc gayet belirgin, ancak iki ba\u015fkan da olduk\u00e7a k\u0131sa olan konu\u015fmas\u0131nda bu \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00f6ntemi bol bol kullanm\u0131\u015f. Gelece\u011fe odaklanmakla beraber, her ikisi de \u00fclkenin tarihinden de al\u0131nt\u0131lar yap\u0131yor. Obama, gururla bahsetti\u011fi 106 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki zenci se\u00e7men kad\u0131n\u0131n hayat\u0131 \u00fczerinden \u00fclkenin tarihinde zaman yolculu\u011funa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor. Bush ise \u00fclkenin kurucu babalar\u0131ndan Thomas Jefferson’\u0131 anlat\u0131yor ve konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda Jefferson’\u0131n ilkelerini benimseyece\u011fini vurguluyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ben daha sonra merak edip Trump’\u0131n zafer konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 da okudum. Birazc\u0131k yapacaklar\u0131na de\u011finmi\u015f, gerisi hep se\u00e7im kampanyas\u0131nda destek olanlara te\u015fekk\u00fcr. Ba\u015fka i\u00e7erik yok, dil sokak jargonu. Ne \u00fclkenin tarihine dair bir referans, ne bir s\u00f6z sanat\u0131, ne de bir ikna tekni\u011fi! Logos<\/em> beklemiyoruz zaten, halk\u0131n rasyonel olmas\u0131na gerek yok, anzi<\/strong> <\/em>(hatta aksine) olmasa daha iyi! T\u00fcm ak\u0131l ve mant\u0131k o g\u00fczel sa\u00e7lar\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki g\u00fczel kafada<\/em> toplanm\u0131\u015f. Halk\u0131 yerine her \u015feyi kendisi \u00fcstlenen, hi\u00e7 kimseyi yormayan ince d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceli ba\u015fkanlara bay\u0131l\u0131yorum!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dclkenin kurucu babalar\u0131na, tarihindeki kazan\u0131mlara hi\u00e7 de\u011finilmeyen bu konu\u015fma tan\u0131d\u0131k geldi bir yerden ama \u00e7\u0131karamad\u0131m bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc. Forse<\/em><\/strong> (belki) bir filmde g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmd\u00fcr!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Logos<\/em> y\u00f6nteminin de kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ihti\u015faml\u0131 bir balkondan tepeden bakarak de\u011fil de dinleyicilerle e\u015fit seviyede modesto <\/em><\/strong>(m\u00fctevaz\u0131) bir k\u00f6\u015feden yap\u0131lacak bir zafer konu\u015fmas\u0131 dinlemek umuduyla…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obama konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 Chicago’da Gran Park’ta yapt\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fin, bizde de Gezi Park\u0131’nda bir zafer konu\u015fmas\u0131 ne g\u00fczel olur. Pathos<\/em> yapmas\u0131na gerek yok konu\u015fmac\u0131n\u0131n, duygular bizden!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u00fcy\u00fck hoca Aristoteles! Haziran ay\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131m La ragazza desolata ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131mda, \u0131ss\u0131z k\u0131z modunda s\u0131rt \u00e7antamla Assos’a ka\u00e7\u0131\u015flar\u0131m\u0131n, Aristo’nun \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve una scuola di filosofia (bir felsefe okulu) kurup hocal\u0131k yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu antik liman kentine fena halde dadan\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Okul bitince bir s\u00fcre \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131p oraya yerle\u015ferek kitap yazma c\u00fcretimin, g\u00fcnah ke\u00e7isi olarak … Okumaya devam et Grande maestro Aristotele<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[9,7,5],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.italianoconulgen.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8923"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.italianoconulgen.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.italianoconulgen.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.italianoconulgen.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.italianoconulgen.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8923"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"http:\/\/www.italianoconulgen.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8923\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8954,"href":"http:\/\/www.italianoconulgen.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8923\/revisions\/8954"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.italianoconulgen.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8923"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.italianoconulgen.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8923"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.italianoconulgen.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8923"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}